Information about concavity is contained in the second derivative of a function. Given f(x) = ax² + bx + c, we have
f'(x) = 2ax + b
and
f''(x) = 2a
Concavity changes at a function's inflection points, which can occur wherever the second derivative is zero or undefined. In this case, since a ≠ 0, the function's concavity is uniform over its entire domain.
(i) f is concave up when f'' > 0, which occurs when a > 0.
(ii) f is concave down when f'' < 0, and this is the case if a < 0.
In Mathematica, define f by entering
f[x_] := a*x^2 + b*x + c
Then solve for intervals over which the second derivative is positive or negative, respectively, using
Reduce[f''[x] > 0, x]
Reduce[f''[x] < 0, x]
Answer:
Two angles are congruent if they have the same measure. If you didn't already know, when two lines intersect the vertical angles formed are congruent. For example, all the angles in a square are congruent. All the angles in a regular pentagon are 108°, therefore all the angles are congruent because they are the same.
Step-by-step explanation: Hope this helps:).........if not sorry:(
Since it follows that is a root of multiplicity 2.