Digestion occurs in the stomach and the duodenum through the action of three main enzymes: pepsin, secreted by the stomach, and trypsin and chymotrypsin, secreted by the pancreas.During carbohydrate digestion the bonds between glucose molecules are broken by salivary and pancreatic amylase.The digestion of certain fats begins in the mouth, where short-chain lipids break down into diglycerides because of lingual lipase. The fat present in the small intestine stimulates the release of lipase from the pancreas, and bile from the liver enables the breakdown of fats into fatty acids.DNA and RNA are broken down into mononucleotides by the nucleases deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease (DNase and RNase) that are released by the pancreas.
Functionality of Genes and chromosomes is described below.
Explanation:
- Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body. Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain a person's genes.
- Genes are contained in chromosomes, which are in the cell nucleus.
- A chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes.Every normal human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes.
- A trait is any gene-determined characteristic and is often determined by more than one gene.Some traits are caused by mutated genes that are inherited or that are the result of a new gene mutation.
- The body produces thousands of different enzymes. Thus, the entire structure and function of the body is governed by the types and amounts of proteins the body synthesizes. Protein synthesis is controlled by genes, which are contained on chromosomes.
- the genotype is a complete set of instructions on how that person’s body synthesizes proteins and thus how that body is supposed to be built and function.
- The phenotype is the actual structure and function of a person’s body. The phenotype is how the genotype manifests in a person—not all the instructions in the genotype may be carried out (or expressed). Whether and how a gene is expressed is determined not only by the genotype but also by the environment (including illnesses and diet) and other factors, some of which are unknown.
- A karyotype is a picture of the full set of chromosomes in a person’s cells.
Answer:
DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid
Explanation:
DNA is the molecule that contains the genetic code for the organism.
The difference between extrusive and intrusive rocks are how they cool
down. Extrusive rocks cool down quickly and are created by lava; because
of this they have very small, fine-grained crystals. Intrusive rocks
cool slowly beneath the surface of the earth and are created by magma;
because the cooling process is very slow the rocks have very large
crystals.