When molecules are being transported opposite to the molecules concentration gradient.
Hope i helped!
La hepatitis B es un virus, una infección de su hígado. Puede causar cicatrización del órgano, insuficiencia hepática y cáncer.
Mostly bacillus (bacteria with cylindrical/rod shaped morphology) I'm pretty sure, you don't see any type of coccus (bacteria with spherical morphology) with flagella.
Few factors....
greater concentration differences between regions. I. e. steeper concentration gradient.
lighter molecular mass of substances.
Founder effect or population bottleneck refer to events which bring about reduction in the genetic variability of a particular specie population. Such events typically drastically reduce the gene pool of the population and produce a smaller number of population with less genetic diversity. An example of a population bottleneck is a genocide event. Such event will destroy a large percentage of the affected population leaving only a smaller population with less genetic diversity. i hope these helps.
