Answer:
Step 1. A carboxyl group is removed from pyruvate, releasing a molecule of carbon dioxide into the surrounding medium. (Note: carbon dioxide is one carbon attached to two oxygen atoms and is one of the major end products of cellular respiration. ) The result of this step is a two-carbon hydroxyethyl group bound to the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase; the lost carbon dioxide is the first of the six carbons from the original glucose molecule to be removed. This step proceeds twice for every molecule of glucose metabolized (remember: there are two pyruvate molecules produced at the end of glycolysis); thus, two of the six carbons will have been removed at the end of both of these steps.
Step 2. The hydroxyethyl group is oxidized to an acetyl group, and the electrons are picked up by NAD+, forming NADH (the reduced form of NAD+). The high- energy electrons from NADH will be used later by the cell to generate ATP for energy.
Step 3. The enzyme-bound acetyl group is transferred to CoA, producing a molecule of acetyl CoA. This molecule of acetyl CoA is then further converted to be used in the next pathway of metabolism, the citric acid cycle.
Answer and explanation;
-There are advantages to being multicellular rather than unicellular. These include; allowing the organism to be larger, allowing
cell differentiation (having different types of cells with different functions)
, and also allowing the organisms to be more complex.
-Complex organisms often have specialized cells that carry out different functions. Having specialized cells and systems allows the process such as transport of nutrients and waste to and from all the cells of the body to occur.
Answer:
The correct answer is a acyl-carnitine readily cross the mitochondrial inner membrane but the acyl CoA do not.
Explanation:
Fatty acids are activated to form fatty acyl CoA by the help of ATP and CoA SH.But the so formed Acyl CoA cannot cross or pass the inner mitochondrial membrane to enter the mitochondrial matrix to initiate beta oxidation of fatty acid.
To overcome this problem fatty acyl CoA is converted to acyl carnitine and the so formed acyl carnitine readily crosses the inner mitochondrial membrane and enters the mitochondrial matrix.
The function of the nucleolus is: D. Assembly of ribosomes.
The function of the nucleolus is to transcribe DNA into ribosomal RNA and assemble RNA into ribosomal subunits. The creation of RNA is important because RNA makes up ribosomes which are responsible for protein synthesis in the cell.
