Answer:
Results
We systematically analyze and compare how different modelling methodologies can be used to describe translation. We define various statistically equivalent codon-based simulation algorithms and analyze the importance of the update rule in determining the steady state, an aspect often neglected. Then a novel probabilistic Boolean network (PBN) model is proposed for modelling translation, which enjoys an exact numerical solution. This solution matches those of numerical simulation from other methods and acts as a complementary tool to analytical approximations and simulations. The advantages and limitations of various codon-based models are compared, and illustrated by examples with real biological complexities such as slow codons, premature termination and feedback regulation. Our studies reveal that while different models gives broadly similiar trends in many cases, important differences also arise and can be clearly seen, in the dependence of the translation rate on different parameters. Furthermore, the update rule affects the steady state solution.
Conclusions
The codon-based models are based on different levels of abstraction. Our analysis suggests that a multiple model approach to understanding translation allows one to ascertain which aspects of the conclusions are robust with respect to the choice of modelling methodology, and when (and why) important differences may arise. This approach also allows for an optimal use of analysis tools, which is especially important when additional complexities or regulatory mechanisms are included. This approach can provide a robust platform for dissecting translation, and results in an improved predictive framework for applications in systems and synthetic biology.
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Human beings contribute to the phosphorus and sulfur cycles by using chemical fertilizers for the soil. This includes mostly synthetic fertilizers that can often be full of various molecules that include phosphorus and sulfur in them.
Nzymes are highly selective catalysts, meaning that each enzyme only speeds up a specific reaction. The molecules that an enzyme works with are called substrates. The substrates bind to a region on the enzyme called the active site. There are two theories explaining the enzyme-substrate interaction.
Answer:
by providing a toll-free number in case there are questions about the devices.
Explanation:
One of the best ways to make certain that this does not happen is by providing a toll-free number in case there are questions about the devices. Doing so makes sure that the customers are fully aware and understand the device and what it is doing. This prevents the customer from assimilating other benefits that they may experience which have nothing to do with the provided device into the survey and potentially contaminating the data with false feedback.
Lysosome, Mitochondria, Nucleus, Vacuole, Endoplasmic Reticulum
