New moon: we see darkness (aka nothing)
Waxing crescent moon: we see a sliver of light that indicates the crescent (during this time, the moon moves eastward away from the sun)
First quarter moon: when half the moon's face is illuminated.
Gibbous moon: when more than half the moon is illuminated, we call this a gibbous
Full moon: we see the whole round moon, lit up.
Waning gibbous moon: when the moon becomes thinner, but is still lit up for over half of its shape.
Third quarter moon: this is where the moon shows the other half of itself (that we didn't see in the 1st quarter) while the other half is dark.
Waning crescent moon: when the moon is a thin crescent, traveling down into the darkness of the full moon.
This process takes about a month (29.53 days).
Answer:
d. error-prone repair
Explanation:
DNA polymerases are the enzymes responsible for synthesizing DNA, not only making faithful replicas of our chromosomes, but also carrying out the necessary repairs for the proper maintenance of your genetic information. Either due to the intensity of the genotoxic damage or due to defects in the repair machinery, the ideal situation of having a pristine, original mold of DNA for copying is not always possible, which explains the existence of a special type of DNA polymerases, specialized in tolerating various DNA lesions through a copy process called "translesion synthesis" which is an "error-prone" or error-guaranteeing.
There is also a new human translesion DNA polymerase, perhaps the oldest of all, and that is capable of initiating the synthesis of new DNA chains acting as a primase. This enzyme, called PrimPol, is present in both cellular compartments that contain DNA (the nucleus and mitochondria). Through gene silencing experiments it was shown that PrimPol is necessary for mitochondrial DNA replication, probably tolerating the high oxidative damage associated with the respiratory activity of these organelles.
The altering of genetic may be performed to get out a dangerous cell. For ex you could alter the genetic material and change the effect on it. Due to taking it on and replacing it. Then you would correct the genetic disorder
Chordates include many species, and humans are also chordates!
some adaptations that both humans (and other chordates) and plants needed to do to live on land were:
-protect the offspring from the environment (before the offspring could be just released into water) for example by covering seeds by shells
-evolve pores in the skin for gas and other substance exchange
-protection from drying up -a better outside layer, such as the skin!