Explanation:
precautionary demand for money is classified as money that are held to cover for unforeseen occurrence e.g, an accident or illness.
It should also be noted that: The amount of money held for such purposes is broadly dependent on the level of income and expenditure.
With more income the precautionary demand will increase because there are more likely to be surprises in the timing or magnitude of the correspondingly high expenditures
A higher rate of interest represents a higher opportunity cost of holding money for any reason, including the precautionary reason, and so leads to lower precautionary holdings.
Answer:
a. the cost of reducing it's existing pollution by one unit.
Explanation:
Marginal cost refers to the addition to total cost when one more unit of output is produced. Marginal cost in the given case would refer to the additional cost incurred for reducing the current pollution level by one unit.
In the given case, a firm is charged $250 for each unit of pollution emitted under the pollution tax option.
It is also stated that all the firms experience increasing marginal costs of pollution reduction.
This means, as additional units of pollution are reduced, the additional costs would go on increasing.
If a firm finds that, reducing 1 unit of pollution from the current level costs it equal or more than $250, it will opt to pay $250 since, for each subsequent unit of pollution reduction, the additional costs would rise.
Joe will likely attribute his failure to luck because he has
reasoned out that the reason why he failed the math test was because of
external locus of control in which is considered to be unstable in nature,
making his attribute fall in luck.
The U.S. dollar is fiat money, as are the euro and many other major world currencies. This approach differs from money whose value is underpinned by some physical good such as gold or silver, called commodity money. The United States, for example, used a gold standard for most of the late 19th and early 20th century
