Answer: -
The first step involves protonation of the carbonyl oxygen.
After protonation, the Alcohol oxygen now attacks the carbon of the carbonyl.
Thus a six membered ring is formed with 5 carbon atoms and 1 oxygen atom. The 1st position carbon atom has 2 OH groups.
One of these gets again protonated.
This leaves as water. With the loss of the H+, there results a carbonyl at 1 position.
Thus 5-hydroxypentanoic acid forms a lactone or 2-oxanone in presence of acid.
There are two hydrogen and two oxygen molecules because the number next to the atomic number is how many there are.
Answer:
See Explanation
Explanation:
An ionic bond occurs due to electrostatic attraction between a positively charged ion and a negatively charged ion.
A metal and a ligand are bound by a coordinate covalent bond or a dative bond. This bond occurs due to donation of electron pairs from ligands to available orbitals on metals.
The formation of coordinate bonds is evident when neutral molecules or negative ions with non bonding electrons donate same to empty metal orbitals. This is sometimes shown by an arrow pointing from the ligands to the metal center.
For instance; tetraammine copper II ion is formed when four ammonia molecules donate a lone pair each to available vacant orbitals of the copper metal center to form [Cu(NH3)4]^2+.
