The one that is caused by the modification of density-independent factors is : parasitic wasp invade cocoons, killing caterpillars
Density independent factors refer to occurrences that limit the number of a specific population
hope this helps
Bottom of chain going up....
Deer Mouse, western toad, woodpecker, gray squirrel, Gopher snake, Mule deer, Cooper’s hawk, Cougar
Explanation:
Psi packaging Element is a cis-acting RNA element identified in the genomes of the retroviruses Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) It is involved in regulating encapsidation of the retroviral RNA, an essential step in replication.
In physics, escape velocity is the speed where the kinetic energy of an object is equal to the magnitude of its gravitational potential energy.
This relates to the speed at which an object should travel to "break" free of any gravitational pull.
Venus: 10.46 km/s
Mars: 5.027 km/s