Answer:
Explanation:
1. Some of the operational and behavioral benefits that are generally attributed to a participatory budgeting process are as follows:
a) Utilization of the best knowledge of activities in a specific area, because the participants are close to daily operations.
b) Goals that are more realistic and acceptable.
c) Improved communication and group cohesiveness.
d) A sense of commitment and willingness to be held accountable for the budget.
2. Four deficiencies in Patricia Eklund’s participatory policy for planning and performance evaluation, along with recommendations of how the deficiencies can be corrected:
Deficiencies Recommendations The setting of constraints on fixed expenditures includes uncontrollable fixed costs, thereby mitigating the positive effects of participatory budgeting. Rewards should be based on meeting budget and/or organizational goals or objectives. The arbitrary revision of approved budgets defeats the participatory process. The contingency budget should be separate, over and above each department’s srcinal submission. The division manager holds back a percentage of each budget for discretionary use. Managers should be involved in the revision of budgets. Managers could submit a budget with programs at different levels of funding. Evaluation based on budget performance must be accompanied with intrinsic rewards. Divisional constraints could be at a budget "kick-off meeting;however individual limit of controllable expenses should be set by each manager
Answer:
The correct answer is B. integrated marketing communication
Explanation:
Integrated Marketing Communications ensures that all forms of communications and messages are carefully linked together. At its most basic level this communication means integrating all the promotional tools, so that they work together in harmony.
Answer:
d.mitigating
Explanation:
This is a mitigating factor. A mitigating factor is a fact of relevance as it can reveal the motivations of the crime. Although not sufficient to absorb the defendant, except in cases of self-defense, when there is evidence of mitigating factors, this can be used to soften a defendant's penalty if it is proven that the motive for the crime was not misleading. A good example is the case in which the defendant committed a murder, and he was sentenced to death, but there is a mitigating factor: the defendant suffered physical abuse for years and killed his attacker. The jury can understand that the defendant committed the crime due to the suffering caused by the victim, which would be different from a crime motivated by trite motives. Thus, the death penalty can be understood as disproportionate and it can be reversed to a less severe penalty.
Answer:
a) Priscilla Wescott's
Cash budget
Months
Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
beginning balance 8,220 3,220 3,330 3,340
football tickets -110
other entertainment -290 -290 -290 -290
semester tuition -4,400
rent -400 -400 -400 -400
food -220 -220 -220 -220
apartment deposit -600 600
part time jobs earnings 1,020 1,020 1,020 1,020
ending balance 3,220 3,330 3,340 4,150
b) This is a static budget because it is being prepared in advance. A flexible budget adjusts a static budget to the real cash outflows and inflows.
c) The spring semester tuition costs $4,400 and she will only have $4,150, that means she will be $250 short.
Answer: Bagley's ethical leader's decision tree
Explanation: In simple words, It refers to a framework that helps the managers of an organisation to take decisions regarding which they are uncertain and doubtful. It take into consideration all the possibilities and shortlists them on the basis of situation priorities.
In the given case, Wendy wants to determine whether they should close the facility temprarily or permanently. They are uncertain which action would be legal and correct.
Hence from the above we can conclude that they are using Bagley decision tree.
