I am not sure if this is what your looking for but most machines use oil
I can't make sense of this question. Julie's throwing the ball, so it's leaving her rather than arriving at her ???
"<em>F = dP/dt. </em> The net force acting on an object is equal to the rate at which its momentum changes."
These days, we break up "the rate at which momentum changes" into its units, and then re-combine them in a slightly different way. So the way WE express and use the 2nd law of motion is
"<em>F = m·A.</em> The net force on an object is equal to the product of the object's mass and its acceleration."
The two statements say exactly the same thing. You can take either one and work out the other one from it, just by working with the units.
