Surface tension decreases when temperature increases because cohesive forces decrease with an increase of molecular thermal activity
Answer:
Total biomass is found by summing the dry mass biomass of all individuals in a given land area and then reported by naming the area of concern, e.g. biomass per plot, ecosystem, biome, classroom. To be able to compare biomass in different locations, scientists standardize biomass per unit of area
The sneezing is release of air that helps the body to get rid of irritants in our nose and throat, like allergens, dirt, and dust.
Coughing is by forcing the air out of the lungs with high pressure, to clear the throat of these foreign particles.
C. To make a punnet square, make a square and make a line through from bottom to top, and left to right. Then on top, put one of each letter (FF) on top of each square. Do the same with the other (ff). Then put each letter in the box that matches where the letters are. You will get Ff for each. Tell me if you need more help. Punnet squares can be confusing at first.
The question is incomplete as it does not have the options which are:
A. Gram-negative bacilli cannot cause harm to the cell; only Gram-positive bacilli can harm the cell.
B. Gram-negative bacilli release endotoxins that cause cell injury and increased capillary permeability.
C. Gram-negative bacilli excrete elaborate exotoxins that interfere with cellular production of ATP.
D. Gram-negative bacilli enter the cell and disrupt its ability to replicate.
Answer:
B. Gram-negative bacilli release endotoxins that cause cell injury and increased capillary permeability.
Explanation:
Gram-negative bacteria are pathogenic in nature due to the composition of their cell wall. Their cell wall contains an additional layer of a molecule called lipopolysaccharides or LPS.
The LPS layer is toxic in nature and is known as endotoxin and is involved in the pathogenicity of the bacteria as the toxin causes the injury to the Endothelial cell membrane of the host cell.
When the bacteria cell is lysed and the LPS circulates in the blood, then LPS binds the receptors and acts on CD14. This attracts the neutrophils at the site and can cause vascular injury due to increased capillary permeability.
Thus, Option-B is the correct answer.