Unlike natural selection, genetic drift does not depend on an allele’s beneficial or harmful effects. Instead, drift changes allele frequencies purely by chance, as random subsets of individuals (and the gametes of those individuals) are sampled to produce the next generation.
Every population experiences genetic drift, but small populations feel its effects more strongly. Genetic drift does not take into account an allele’s adaptive value to a population, and it may result in loss of a beneficial allele or fixation (rise to 100\%100%100, percent frequency) of a harmful allele in a population.
The founder effect and the bottleneck effect are cases in which a small population is formed from a larger population. These “sampled” populations often do not represent the genetic diversity of the original population, and their small size means they may experience strong drift for generations.
<span>Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus. Eukaryotes can be single-celled or multi-celled, such as you, me, plants, fungi, and insects. Bacteria are an example of prokaryotes. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle.</span>
Answer:
D. Gross primary productivity is the total amount of solar energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time.
Explanation:
The gross primary productivity of an ecosystem represents the rate at which the producers of the system capture the solar energy so that they can perform the process of photosynthesis. Therefore, GPP is the total amount of photosynthetic energy captured per unit area over a given time period. Producers consume the part of the GPP for their own respiration and maintenance. Therefore, gross primary productivity is the sum total of the growth of producers per unit area per unit time and the energy used by them for respiration.
Answer:
In ionic bonds, there is a transfer of electrons from one atom to another. Because of the transfer of electrons, the atoms that gain electrons become negatively charged, while the atoms that lose electrons will be positively charged. [1] If the atom has an additional electron, then the atom becomes a negative ion, known as anion. Meanwhile, if the atom loses electrons, then the atom becomes a positive ion or cation. [2] Because of the difference in charge between ions (positive ions and negative ions), the positive and negative ions will attract each other by electrostatic forces. This event is the basis of ionic bonding.
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