Answer: B
Explanation:
"Furthermore, ectomycorrhizal fungi can slow down decomposition, a natural process that returns carbon from forest soils back to the atmosphere. In these ways, ectomycorrhizal fungi enhance the ability of forests to keep carbon locked up in trees and soils, and out of the atmosphere." (http://www.bu.edu/articles/2018/4-things-to-know-about-fungi-climate-warriors/)
Runoff describes water movement and infiltration describes water storage.
Answer:
Chloroplasts are specialized organelles found only in plants and some types of algae. These organelles carry out the process of photosynthesis, which turns water, carbon dioxide, and light energy into nutrients from which the plant can obtain energy. There can be over one hundred chloroplasts in certain plant cells.
Explanation:
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Richter's original magnitude scale (ML) was extended to observations of earthquakes of any distance and of focal depths ranging between 0 and 700 km. Because earthquakes excite both body waves, which travel into and through the Earth, and surface waves, which are constrained to follow the natural waveguide of the Earth's uppermost layers, two magnitude scales evolved - the MB and MS scales.
The standard body-wave magnitude formula is
MB = log10(A/T) + Q(D,h) ,
where A is the amplitude of ground motion (in microns); T is the corresponding period (in seconds); and Q(D,h) is a correction factor that is a function of distance, D (degrees), between epicenter and station and focal depth, h (in kilometers), of the earthquake. The standard surface-wave formula is
MS = log10 (A/T) + 1.66 log10 (D) + 3.30 .
There are many variations of these formulas that take into account effects of specific geographic regions so that the final computed magnitude is reasonably consistent with Richter's original definition of ML. Negative magnitude values are permissible.
Answer:
a. glycolysis—preparatory reaction--cirtric acid cycle--electron transport system
Explanation:
- Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. During glycolysis one 6 carbon glucose is converted into two molecules of 3 carbon pyruvic acid or pyruvate.
- In the preparatory reaction, the pyruvate converted into a two-carbon molecule called acetyl CoA. In this reaction, a carbon dioxide molecule is released and a molecule of NADH is released.
- The citric acid cycle begins with the reaction of the acetyl CoA with a four-carbon molecule in the mitochondrisl matrix. It goes through a cycle of reactions regenerating the four-carbon starting molecule. ATP, NADH and FADH₂ are produced.
- The electron transport system is the terminal step of aerobic respiration that operates on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH₂ move along electron transport system release high-energy electrons and produce ATP.
