Chroloplasts---it is important for a plant cell to have a chloroplast in order to create glucose.
Answer:
a Anaphase I
b Metaphase I
c Telophase I
d Anaphase II
e Prophase I
f Telophase II
Explanation:
Prophase I begins after the DNA has been duplicated, as shown in picture e. The chromosomes are condensed, and also visible, which is apparent in picture e.
The next stage is called Metaphase I, in which the pairs of homologous chromosomes align at The the centre of the cell and the spindle fibres attach, as shown in picture b.
The pairs of chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibres., as shown in picture a. This stage is called Anaphase I.
Then, a process called Telophase I occurs, when the cell divides into two daughter cells. One of these cells is shown in picture c.
Picture d shows the stage Anaphase II, where the spindle has attached and the chromatids are pulled to the opposite poles of the cell.
The final picture left is picture f, which shows the daughter cell at the end of meiosis II, where the nuclear envelope is reforming, as in telophase II.
Chlorophyll may be found in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell
Answer:
Option A, Ohio River and the Missouri River
Explanation:
The historical evidences clearly indicate that Ohio River did not exist before the last ice advances. Before Ohio and Missouri river, the major glacier drainage of the east-west direction happens in Teays River. When ice of the glaciers blocked the Teaya river valley, then the Ohio was formed.
Like Ohio, Missouri river did also not exist before Pleistocene and during that time the largest drainage in North America take place in the Hudson's Bay
Hence, option A is correct
Answer:
a. resolve the branching patterns (evolutionary history) of the Lophotrochozoa
b. (the same, it is repeated)
Explanation:
Nemertios (ribbon worms) and foronids (horseshoe worms) are closely related groups of lofotrocozoa. Lofotrocozoans, or simply trocozoans (= tribomastic celomados with trocophoric larva) are a group of animals that includes annelids, molluscs, endoprocts, brachiopods and other invertebrates. They represent a crucial superphylum for our understanding of the evolution of bilateral symmetry animals. However, given the inconsistency between molecular and morphological data for these groups, their origins were not entirely clear. In the work linked above, the first records of genomes of the Nemertine worm Notospermus geniculatus and the foronid Phoronis australis are presented, along with transcriptomes along the adult bodies. Our phylogenetic analyzes based on the genome place Nemertinos as the sister group of the taxon that contains Phoronidea and Brachiopoda. It is shown that lofotrocozoans share many families of genes with deuterotomes, suggesting that these two groups retain a common genetic repertoire of bilaterals that do not possess ecdisozoans (arthropods, nematodes) or platizoos (platelets, sydermats). Comparative transcriptomics demonstrates that foronid and brachiopod lofophores are similar not only morphologically, but also at the molecular level. Although the lofophore and vertebrates show very different cephalic structures, the lofophorees express the vertebrate head genes and neuronal marker genes. This finding suggests a common origin of the bilaterial pattern of the head, although different types of head will evolve independently in each lineage. In addition, we recorded innate immunity expansions of lineage-specific and toxin-related genes in both lofotrocozoa and deuterostomes. Together, this study reveals a dual nature of lofotrocozoans, in which the conserved and specific characteristics of the lineage shape their evolution.