Answer:
protons /H+
thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast
acid.
Explanation:
This is chemiosmosis. And the ultimate aim is to synthesis ATPs. Proton Motive Force generated from the electron transport chain continuously pump protons(H+) from the stroma into the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast,
The build up of protons/H+ generated electrochemical gradients between this space and the stroma.
Therefore proton/H+ diffused down the gradient into the stroma. The energy generated from the downwards diffusion is used by the ATPase synthase to synthesize ATPs from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), to be used in Calvin Cycle for CHO, productions.
The protons/H+ pumped by PMF and concentrated in the thylakoid memebrane is obtained from the split of Hydrogen atoms to electrons(e-) and H+. since pH is negative Log of [H+], therefore the space will be acidic from large concentration of H+/protons.
Answer:
ability to differentiate into other cell types during cell division i.e. totipotent nature
Explanation:
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the unique ability to develop into specialized cell types in the body during early life and growth through the process of cellular differentiation. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either to remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function e.g muscle cell, red blood cell or a brain cell.
Stem cells provide new cells for the body as it grows, and replace specialized cells that are damaged or lost. This ability of stem cells to differentiate into a variety of cell types in an organism including embryonic tissue, is an important distinguishing factor. They have two unique properties that enable them do so:
1. They can divide over and over to produce new cells
2. As they divide, they can change into the other types of cell (cellular differentiation).
Dehydration synthesis :) it means that monomers (like glucose or lactose) when bonded together release water molecules
Answer:
Fungus
Explanation:
Flemming found that the growth of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus is inhibited by fungus Penicillium notatum . Then he isolated antibiotic penicillin from that .
