The answer is A, convergence.
In the Claritin commercial, the man is laying in the grass with a
beagle puppy. The beagle is a breed of small hound that is similar to a larger
foxhound that has approximately
220 million scent receptors. This is the reason why they are employed as
detection dog and not as guard dogs for they are usually friendly dogs.
The process is called Transduction
B - Because an active cell can only work if it has a 3-Dimension structure.
The right answer is E. Sodium (with 140mmol/L)
Sodium is the most important element in the blood and extracellular liquids of the body.The needs of an adult subject are of the order of 1 to 2 g of sodium per day. The normal diet is much richer than our actual needs, about 4g, so it can largely compensate for the needs of an athlete or a runner.
Losses are majoritarly by feces and sweat. The kidney is able to reabsorb almost all the sodium that is filtered: urinary losses can be tiny.