Answer:
All three of these bonds hold the R groups of the amino acids together.
Explanation:
The structures are stabilized by multiple interactions, specifically side chain functional groups which involve hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, covalent disulfide bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
- Hydrogen bonding
- Salt bridges (ionic bonding)
- Covalent disulfide bonds (Covalent Bonding)
- All in R groups
The LITHOSPHERE is the rocky outer part of the earth , is is made up of the brittle crust an top of the mantle.
By intruding mutations, which are the ultimate source of biological diversity. I think this is it.