The correct answer is B. It begins with broad statements and ends with more specific ones.
Explanation:
In logic, deductive reasoning refers to the process of arguing something by beginning with a broad or general idea and then including more specific details based on the general idea. This can be seen in the excerpt from "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" as his author Frederick Douglass begins the text by stating rhetoric questions such as "Why am I called upon to speak here today? What have I, or those I represent, to do with your national independence?" that are general questions and show Douglass has a critical position about the National Independence Day and after this the author goes to more specific ideas and question such as "For who is there so cold, that a nation’s sympathy could not warm him? " or "Who so stolid and selfish, that would not give his voice to swell the hallelujahs of a nation’s jubilee" that refer to specific points and reasons why the National Independence Day should not be celebrated. Therefore, this text shows deductive reasoning because it begins with broad statements and ends with more specific ones.
The organizational pattern of a passage provides an outline for the ideas to flow. Perhaps the most common organizational pattern used in fiction writing is chronological, where ideas flow from one to the next in time order.
