Halogens are a group of elements consisting of Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine and Astatine. In their ionic form, they have a superscript of -1, for example, chloride ion is Cl-1. These means that they readily accept one electron in order to achieve the Octet rule. The Octet rule states that each atom must contain 8 electrons in their valence shell for it to be stable. The most stable set of elements are the noble gases. Because they already fulfill the Octet rule, they no longer take part in reactions. Halogens are also very electronegative, meaning, they attract more electrons toward them. This is also a consequence of the Octet rule.
From the choices, the answers would be:
<span>they require only one electron to complete their outer shell
they have a high electronegativity</span>
Answer:
B.) An atom of arsenic has one more valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity decreases because the arsenic atom loses the electron.
Explanation:
Silicon is located in the 3rd row and 14th column in the periodic table. Arsenic is located in the 4th row and 15th column in the periodic table. This means that arsenic has one more valence electron than silicon. Since arsenic is located one row down from silicon, its valence electrons occupy higher energy orbitals.
Silicon maintains a crystal-like lattice structure. Each silicon atom is covalently connected to assume this shape. When silicon gains one extra electron from arsenic, it experiences n-type doping. This new electron is not tightly bound in the lattice structure. This allows it to move more freely and conduct more electricity. This can also be explained using band gaps. Silicon, which previously had an empty conduction band, now has one electron in this band. This lowers the band gap between the conduction and valence bands and increases conductivity.
The location of the negative charges is evenly distributed throughout the entire atom.
J. J. Tomson concluded that atoms are divisible and that the corpuscles are their building blocks.
Atoms are made up of smaller particles.
J. J. Thomson discovered the electron ( the negative charges of the atom) in 1897.
His "plum pudding" model (1904) suggested: the electrons are embedded in the positive charge and evenly distributed throughout the entire atom.
With this model, he abandoned his earlier hypothesis that the atom was composed of immaterial vortices.
Later, Rutherford demonstrate that J.J Thompson's Plum Pudding model was not accurate.
More info about Thomson’s plum pudding model: brainly.com/question/6319700
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Answer:
the lack of maria; the thicker crust means it was harder for giant impacts to pierce the crust and get darker basaltic lava bubbling up.
Explanation:
