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<u>Cytokinesis is the physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells. It occurs concurrently with two types of nuclear division called mitosis and meiosis, which occur in animal cells. Mitosis and each of the two meiotic divisions result in two separate nuclei contained within a single cell. Cytokinesis performs an essential process to separate the cell in half and ensure that one nucleus ends up in each daughter cell. Cytokinesis starts during the nuclear division phase called anaphase and continues through telophase. A ring of protein filaments called the contractile ring forms around the equator of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane. The contractile ring shrinks at the equator of the cell, pinching the plasma membrane inward, and forming what is called a cleavage furrow. Eventually, the contractile ring shrinks to the point that there are two separate cells each bound by its own plasma membrane. </u>
The environment is studied at different levels & stages.
Biosphere: The biosphere is the zone in which life exists. It consists of the atmosphere& the hydrosphere alongwith the earth surface where living beings live.
The biome is a community of plants and animals (flaura & fauna).
Community: A community is a group of people/living beings who live in a specific location. It is used to describe two or more populations of different species that exist at same place.
Population: A population is the multiple individuals or living organisms of a single species that live in an area.
The populations are formed by lalrge number of groups of organisms.
Group of populations form communities. The group of all communities form a biome, which exist in the biosphere.
The diagram shows:
It is important because we need to learn the environment, what is around us.
Specialized cell junctions<span> occur at points of cell-cell and cell-matrix contact in all tissues.</span>