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1. The RNA that has an amino acid attached to it, and that binds to the codon on the mRNA, is called a tRNA.
tRNA are molecules involved in protein synthesis (translation) and those molecules connect codons from mRNA with the amino acids they encode.tRNA has anticodone that binds to mRNA codone.
2. The process, performed by the ribosome, of reading mRNA and synthesizing a protein is called translation.
Translation is a process of gene expression in which proteins are synthesized (translated from the codons on mRNA).
3. Initiation of translation always happens at the start codon of the mRNA.
Translation process can be divided into three stages: initiation (starting off), elongation (adding amino acids to peptide chain that is going to become protein) and termination (finishing up).
4. Amino acids are attached to tRNA by enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.
These enzymes are part of the elongation stage of translation and they catalyze the adding of amino acids.
5. Termination of translation happens when the ribosome hits a stop codon on the mRNA.
Termination is the stage in which the finished polypeptide chain (future protein) is released from the ribosome.
This condition is known as a super oxide in which mutated enzyme extremely functional because it helps in production of cells .
when unstable molecules that contains oxygen and that easily react with other molecules in the cells. a build up of reactive oxygen species and cells causes damage of DNA ,RNA & protein ,which cause cell death.
super oxide refers various toxic oxygen containing free radicals such as monovalant anion O2 (negative) or that compound containing potassium super oxide KO2. reactive oxygen can cause damage to the basic building block of the cell. DNA damage can occur in the form of double stranded breaks as a result of reactive oxygen induced conversion of guanine to 8-oxo guanine.
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