Answer:
Heat
Explanation:
The outer layers of the Earth are divided into the lithosphere and asthenosphere. This is based on differences inmechanical properties and in the method for the transfer of heat. Mechanically, the lithosphere is cooler and more rigid, while the asthenosphere is hotter and flows more easily. In terms of heat transfer, the lithosphere loses heat byconduction, whereas the asthenosphere also transfers heat by convection and has a nearly adiabatic temperature gradient.
Lahars can also be formed when high-volume or long-duration rainfall occurs during or after an eruption. It can change the shape of a mountain by blowing parts of it away, but volcanic eruptions can also build up the land around a volcano when lava flows out and hardens on the surface. The surface of the Earth can crack and shift during an earthquake above the point where the crust moves.
The charge on the droplet must be 
Explanation:
In order for the oil droplet to be in equilibrium, the force of gravity acting on it (the weight, acting downward) must be equal to the electrical force acting upward.
The gravitational force is:
which is equivalent to the weight of the droplet.
The electric force is given by:
where
q is the charge on the oil droplet
is the magnitude of the electric field
Since the two forces must be equal,
And solving for q,
Learn more about gravitational force and electric force:
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When volcanoes erupt, they emit a mixture of gases and particles into the air. Some of them, such as ash and sulphur dioxide, have a cooling effect, because they (or the substances they cause) reflect sunlight away from the earth. Others, such as CO2, cause warming by adding to the the greenhouse effect.
