Light reaches organisms in the photic zone, where microscopic Phytoplankton and multicellular algae provide food for the animal community. Light levels in aphotic zone are too low to support photosynthesis. The seafloor is called the Benthic realm. Fishes and marine mammals swim in open water known as the Pelagic realm. A distinctive Biome called an Estuary is found where a freshwater stream or river merges with the ocean.
Photic zone is the surface layer of the ocean that receives sunlight, which means it permits photosynthesis by plants and phytoplankton. In aphotic zone , there is no light, therefore the phytoplankton and algae can not grow and undertake photosynthesis, the carbon dioxide is accumulated, there is less Oxygen and the pH is lower than in the photic zone.
Mitochondria(Mt) are the cell's "power stations" because the energy currency for the metabolic processes in the cell is synthesised inside this organelle via aerobic respiration. This process is known as oxidative phosphorylation. Mt is a double membraned, semi-autonomous organelle.
The mitochondrion's structure is specially tailored to the function it performs:
- The outer membrane contains carrier proteins that allow pyruvate produced during glycolysis to be transported from the cytoplasm.
- The electron transport chain(a series of protein complexes) and ATP synthase are located in the inner membrane to transfer electrons and ATP production respectively.
- The inner membrane is folded into numerous pockets called cristae, which raises the surface area: volume ratio.
- When proton accumulation occurs, the small intermembrane space between two membranes increases the hydrogen gradient.
- Matrix is the core chamber containing the necessary enzymes and pH for the Krebs cycle(oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from pyruvate) to take place.
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Answer:
Abiotic factors include sunlight, temperature, moisture, wind or water currents, soil type, and nutrient availability.
Explanation:
There is exactly <u><em>two</em></u> membranes that surround the chloroplast.