<h2>Answer:</h2>
Soil bacteria are mainly involved in four steps in nitrogen cycle.
- Nitrogen fixation
- Nitrification
- Ammonification
- Denitrification
<h3>Explanation:</h3>
- First of all atmospheric nitrogen is fixed by soil bacteria (N2 to NH3/ NH4+, NO3-)
- Nitrification: The conversion of ammonium to nitrate is performed primarily by soil-living bacteria and other nitrifying bacteria (NH3 to NO3-)
- When a plant or animal dies or an animal expels waste, the initial form of nitrogen is organic. Bacteria or fungi convert the organic nitrogen within the remains back into ammonium (NH+4), a process called ammonification.
- Denitrification is the reduction of nitrates back into nitrogen gas (N2), completing the nitrogen cycle. This process is performed by bacterial species such as Pseudomonas and Clostridium in anaerobic conditions.
Jellyfish do not have a central nervous system.
Squids which belongs to Cephalopoda (class of Mollusca) have the most complex nervous system of the invertebrates. They have well-developed senses and large brains. So, they are considered as the most intelligent of the invertebrates.
Dolphins, on the other hand, are regarded as one the most intelligent animal.
Following the treatment, the Fetal Stem Cells will travel throughout the body, detecting damaged cells and tissue and attempts to restore them. The Fetal Stem Cells can also stimulate existing normal cells and tissues to operate at a higher level of function, boosting the body’s own repair mechanisms to aid in the healing process. These highly adaptive cells then remain in the body, continually locating and repairing any damage they encounter.
Answer:
c. FADH2
Explanation:
FADH2 is an electron carrier that is generated in the reaction catalyzed by malic enzyme.