Answer:
A. If the aerobic pathway—cellular respiration—cannot meet the energy demand, then the anaerobic pathway—lactic acid fermentation—starts up, resulting in lactic acid buildup and "oxygen debt."
C. After about 90 seconds of intense exercise, the muscles become depleted of oxygen, and anaerobic respiration can no longer function to produce ATP, resulting in "oxygen debt."
Explanation:
There are two sources of carbohydrates in the human's body for energy (ATP) production. 1) Creatine phosphate and 2) Glycogen. Creatine phosphate metabolizes easily and yields ATP quickly. Whereas glycogen is stored form of carbohydrate which yields energy more slowly. Therefore, initially, our bodies use creatine phosphate and then shift to glycogen. Within 60-90 seconds, the creatinine phosphate in the body is mostly utilized and then energy is produced by the use of glycogen in aerobic pathway. During areobic pathway, oxygen supply is sufficient and per cycle, it produces 32 molecules of ATP. However, when oxygen supply is limited or absent, the body will metabolize glycogen to lactic acid via fermentation and produce only 2 molecules of ATP.
Now consider the example: Kenny hikes all day at a steady pace therefore the supply of oxygen is sufficient for aerobic cellular respiration for ATP production. In this scenario, the oxygen debt is minimal and Kenny relies on aerobic respiration pathway to obtain energy. On the other hand, Janelle runs fast (100 meters in 13.5 seconds) and her cellular respiration would be on the compense of aerobic pathway initially which will be shifted to anaerobic pathway after the supply of oxygen is reduced/minimum. Janelle will heavily rely on the anaerobic pathway because running fast needs energy which cannot be provided via aerobic pathway easily. Therefore, Janelle's body will produce lactic acid and suffer from oxygen debt.
It is muscle and nerve tissue
Nucleic acids also typically contain phosphorous, and nitrogen plays an important structural role in nucleic and proteins. The proteins, being made up a diverse set of amino acids, have, in addition to carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, the elements sulfur and selenium.
Answer:
a. transcription/RNA processing
: pre-mRNA, snRNA
b. translation
: mRNA, rRNA,
c. not used in protein synthesis: RNA primers
Explanation:
pre-mRNA, mRNA, rRNA, RNA primers, snRNA
a. transcription/RNA processing
: pre-mRNA, snRNA
b. translation
: mRNA, rRNA,
c. not used in protein synthesis: RNA primers
The pre mRNA the product after transcription from the DNA is processed eg by addition of poly A tail, splicing etc before undergoing the process of translation, the snRNA also help in performing this function. In translation, the mRNA is trnslated to proteiin in the ribosomes which is also made up of rRNA and proteins. RNA primers is not needed in any of these two, only i DNA replication as the DNA polymerase is uable to begin the synthesis of adding nucleotides to a DNA strand.
