Genes<span> specify the structure of particular proteins that </span>make up<span> each cell. ... Think of it this way: DNA is in </span>genes<span>, </span>genes<span> are on </span>chromosomes<span>. When "mapping" all </span>genes<span> on all human </span>chromosomes<span>was first seriously conceived, it was called the Human Genome Project - a combination of </span>gene<span> and </span>chromosome<span>.</span>