None of the bove. Soil erosion occurs due to deforestation, water, wind and tillage of the land farms. It is the removal of the top layer of the soil, and leads to poorer quality of soil, called a soil disruption. This can be avoided by using proper farming techniques and afforestation.
A large base with flexible structure would be best. The base would hold up, and the flexible structure would prevent falling.
It is just called: a simple fracture. BUT when the bone does pierce the skin it's called a compound fracture. <span />