Answer:
The correct answer is given below:
Explanation:
Depending upon the availability of oxygen, pyruvic acid follows, a variety of metabolic pathways.
In the absence of oxygen or under anaerobic conditions, the pyruvic acid further metabolised into one of three pathways: lactic acid fermentation, alcohol fermentation and cellular anaerobic respiration. During fermentation or anaerobic respiration 2 ATP is produced.
In the presence of oxygen or under aerobic conditions, the pyruvic acid completely oxidised to carbon dioxide, water and 38 ATP.
Answer:the phloem transports food and nutrient
Explanation:
Answer:
spindle fibers act as guides for the alignment of the chromosomes as they separate later during the process of cell division.
Explanation:
They play a role in mitosis of animal cells and plant cells are able to reproduce without them.
Research however has shown that mitosis can take place in animal cells after centrioles have been destroyed. ... In higher plants mitosis takes place perfectly satisfactorily with microtubules forming spindle fibres but without the help of centrioles.
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<h3><u>Answer and Explanation;</u></h3>
- <u>Endosymbiotic theory</u> explains the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria and their double membrane. Mitochondria of eukaryotes evolved from aerobic bacteria living within their host cell and the chloroplasts of eukaryotes evolved from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria.
- On the other hand according to the <u>autogenous hypothesis, </u>mitochondria and chloroplasts have evolved within the protoeukaryote cell by compartmentalizing plasmids or vesicles of DNA within a pinched off invagination of the cell membrane.
- <u>Endosymbiont theory </u>is the theory that suggests that simple prokaryotic cells were engulfed by larger prokaryotes 1.5 billion years ago.
- <u>Autogenous theory</u> is a theory that was proposed as an alternative to endosymbiont theory. proposes that eukaryotic organelles formed by infolding of the plasma membrane.
- <u>Horizontal gene transfer theory</u> is an alternative to endosymbiont and autogenous theories for the origin of complex organelles in eukaryotes.