The correct answer is 4. No, because he digresses into another topic and does not address historical knowledge.
Explanation
At the beginning of the paragraph, the author announces the sentence "In no other department is a thorough knowledge of history so important as a philosophy". However, nowhere in the paragraph does he develop this idea, on the contrary, he mentions other issues such as the relationship between philosophy and other fields such as exact inqury, the arts (as he mentioned in "on the other hand, in touch with exact inquiry, while, on the other, it has a certain relationship with art"), natural sciences, metaphysical principles, among others. From the above, it can be inferred that the correct answer is 4. No, because he digresses into another topic and does not address historical knowledge.
1. Authority
Note the mention of "Nobel prize-winning scientist", which is generally the most prestigious scientists out there. What they say usually have authority and is believed by the ordinary people.
2. Emotion
First of all, how does the author know that the group is made up of "bigots". This is playing on the person's emotions, and trying to make them angry at their mistake, as well as give them a different group that they should look into.
3. Appeal to Logic
Note the usage of "make sense", as well as the building up of argument from the logical conclusion that "Diversity makes sense.. (via these reasons)".
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Explanation:
My dear father,
We received your letter yesterday. A letter from you is always a source of great joy for us. In the letter you have told us many things about your present life and the new place, you are living in. Now I wish to tell you whatever is going on here.
It will give you great pleasure to learn that ………………… (Your sister name) has passed the examination securing second position in the class. ………………… (Your younger brother) has also passed. But his health is very weak these days. Last week he had a severe attack of fever and remained confined to bed for about five days. The doctor advises him complete rest for the next three or four days.
Last week I had met with an accident. The injuries were minor and due to proper looking after, I am better now. Only that I have become a little weaker. Mother is always remembering you. She is all right and taking proper care of ours.
Father, Life is really full of happy and sad incidents. So, one should not take anything seriously.
Do go writing a letter to us once a week.
With greatest love and regard
