Answer:
Neurons, as with other excitable cells in the body, have two major physiological properties: irritability and conductivity. A neuron has a positive charge on the outer surface of the cell membrane due in part to the action of an active transport system called the sodium potassium pump. This system moves sodium (Na+) out of the cell and potassium (K+) into the cell. The inside of the cell membrane is negative, not only due to the active transport system but also because of intracellular proteins, which remain negative due to the intracellular pH and keep the inside of the cell membrane negative.
Explanation:
Neurons are cells with the capacity to transmit information between one another and also with other tissues in the body. This information is transmitted thanks to the release of substances called <em>neurotransmitters</em>, and this transmission is possible due to the <em>electrical properties </em>of the neurons.
For the neurons (and other excitable cells, such as cardiac muscle cells) to be capable of conducting the changes in their membranes' voltages, they need to have a<em> resting membrane potential</em>, which consists of a specific voltage that is given because of the electrical nature of both the inside and the outside of the cell. <u>The inside of the cell is negatively charged, while the outside is positively charged</u> - this is what generates the resting membrane potential. When the membrane voltage changes because the inside of the cell is becoming less negative, the neuron is being excited and - if this excitation reaches a threshold - an action potential will be fired. But how does the voltage changes? This happens because the distribution of ions in the intracellular and extracellular fluids is very dissimilar and when the sodium channels in the cell membrane are opened (because of an external stimulus), sodium enters the cell rapidly to balance out the difference in this ion concentration. The sudden influx of this positively-charged ion is what makes the inside of the neuron become less negative. This event is called <em>depolarization of the membrane</em>.
The first step of cellular respiration is glycolysis, where a six carbon glucose is broken down into a three carbon, this is called pyruvic acid. You're welcome
If you want the other steps in cellular respiration or cytology, just ask, I'm an A+.
Because whales live in the ocean, many people think they are fish. But do you know that whales and dolphins are not fish? They are mammals. People are mammals too. Mammals are the group of animals that breath air using lungs, give birth to live young (rather than laying eggs), and feed their young with mother’s milk. All animals, including people, need oxygen, a chemical found in the air and in water. Fish use their gills to take oxygen from the water that they live in. But people get the oxygen we need by breathing air, using our lungs. Whales and dolphins use their lungs to breathe air also.
That’s one reasons why they come to the surface of the ocean. Sometimes they lie right at the surface of the water, with just a part of their back sticking out. Look closely at a picture of a whale or dolphin; can you see a nose on the whale? You can’t, because whales don’t have noses like you and me. Instead they have a hole – called a “blow hole” – on top of their heads. Sometimes when a whale breathes air out of its blow hole, it shows up as a spray or mist – called a “spout” – that can be seen many miles away. Blow holes are surrounded by muscles that keep the hole closed when the whale or dolphin is under water and open it when the animal is at the surface and needs to breathe.
In fact, some of the animals have two blow holes next to each other and others have only one. So when you see a picture of a whale, see if you can tell the difference. Pilot whales and dolphins have one blow hole; humpbacks, minkes and right whales have two
