You can use 1 of 2 methods to solve this problem. You can either solve it traditionally or by just looking at it (you don't necessarily need to convert it to scientific notation to find the answer).
{METHOD 1}- Traditional Method
Scientific Notation is just another way of writing REALLY BIG or REALLY SMALL numbers in a simplified manor
Let's take 232,000,000 for instance
First you want to find your decimal number. Your decimal number has to be Greater than 1 and less than 10.
In this case your decimal number will be 2.32
Then let's could how many decimal places are to the RIGHT of 2.32
Keep in mind that if the number is very small you have to count the decimal places to the LEFT
{METHOD 2}
If you look at 232,000,000 and 2,320,000,000 you can tell that 2,320,000,000 is longer just by looking at it, so you can determine that ....
232,000,000 = 2.32E8
2,320,000,000=2.32E9
Using the same method you can solve the last two.
0.00000431 is a larger number than 0.000000000000431. So you can then determine that.....
0.00000431= 4.31E-6
0.000000000000431=4.31E-13