The question is poor. Light doesn't refract on its way THROUGH anything. It refracts at the boundary BETWEEN two different media. The effect is greatest where the ratio of the speeds of light in the two media is greatest. On your list, that would be at the boundary between air or space and glass.
Answer: 83.3 W
Explanation: I think, I’m not sure. If I’m wrong correct me ;)
Speed is v = d/t
Or speed is distance over time
So...
40min / 60min = 0.6667 or 2/3 --> Finding what proportion 40 minutes is to an hour or 60 minutes as we need the units of hours to match up
45km/h = d/0.6667h
d = (45)(0.667)
d = 30.0015 or 30km
The work-energy theorem states that the change in kinetic energy of the particle is equal to the work done on the particle:
The work done on the particle is the integral of the force on dx:
So, this corresponds to the change in kinetic energy of the particle.