Acidic and basic are two extremes that describe chemicals, just like hot and cold are two extremes that describe temperature. Mixing acids and bases can cancel out their extreme effects, much like mixing hot and cold water can even out the water temperature. A substance that is neither acidic nor basic is neutral.
The character of acidic, basic and neutral is defined by the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+](mol/L). A solution with a concentration of hydrogen ions higher than 10-7mol/L is acidic, and a solution with a lower concentration is alkaline (another way to say basic). Using the formula, pH=-log[H+], a pH of 7 is neutral, a pH less than 7 is acidic, and a pH greater than 7 is basic. As one can see from this formula, ten times a given concentration of hydrogen ions means one unit lower in terms of pH value (higher acidity), and vice versa.
The formula for ph is given by:pH=−log10[H+]
What is the concentration of H+ ions at a pH = 8?
In calculating for the concentration of hydrogen ion, the formula is given by:[H+]=(10)^(-pH)
Solution:
[H+]=(10)^(-8)[H+]=0.00000001 mol/L
What is the concentration of OH– ions at a pH = 8?pH+pOH=148+pOH=14pOH=6
[OH-]=(10)^(-pOH)[OH-]=(10)^(-6)[OH-]=0.000001
What is the ratio of H+ ions to OH– ions at a pH = 2?The ratio is 0.00000001:0.000001 which is equal to 0.01
Answer:
16.0%.
Explanation:
Volume percent of a substance is the ratio of the substance volume to the solution volume multiplied by 100.
V % of ethanol = (volume of ethanol / volume of the solution) x 100.
volume of ethanol = 90.0 mL, volume of the solution = 550.0 mL.
∴ V % of ethanol = (90.0 mL / 550.0 mL) x 100 = 16.36% ≅ 16.0%.
(a)The change in Gibbs free energy for the reaction has been 2.6 kJ/mol.
(b) The change in Gibbs free energy for the reaction has been -49.3 kJ/mol.
(c) The change in Gibbs free energy for the reaction has been 91.38 kJ/mol.
621.4L
Explanation:
Given parameters:
Initial volume = 547L
Initial temperature = 331K
Final temperature = 376K
Unknown:
Final volume = ?
Solution:
The appropriate gas law to use is the Charles's law.
The Charles's law shows the relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas under constant pressure.
The law states that "The volume of a fixed of a gas varies directly as its absolute temperature if the pressure is constant".
Mathematically;
V₁ is the initial volume
T₁ is the initial temperature
V₂ is the final volume
T₂ is the final temperature
Since the unknown is the final volume, we make it the subject of the expression;
V₂ =
V₂ = 621.4L
learn more:
Boyle's law brainly.com/question/8928288
#learnwithBrainly
Al4C3 + 12H2O-----> 3CH4 + 4Al(OH)3