When the cardiac muscle cell is at rest, the concentration of sodium and calcium is greater on the outside of the cell.
The resting membrane potential (the cardiac muscle cell is at rest) is characterized by more negatively charged inside of the membrane comparing to the outside. The main ions found outside the cell at rest are: sodium (Na+), and chloride (Cl−), and Ca2+ whereas inside the cell it is mainly potassium (K+).
Vascular plants<span> have two distinct organ systems: a </span>shoot<span>system and a </span>root<span> system. The </span>shoot<span> system consists of two portions: the vegetative (non-</span>reproductive<span>) parts of the plant, such as the leaves and the stems; and the </span>reproductive<span> parts of the plant, which include flowers and fruits.</span>
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The pumping force of the ventricles moves blood through the arteries. The breathing movements exerts pressure on the chest veins, the valves in the larger veins keep the blood from flowing backwards, and the skeletal muscles' contraction all help the blood in veins to move.
The correct answer to this question is (a.) in the upper part, nearer the horse's body. A horse would be able to run faster if most of the mass (horse's mass) in its legs were concentrated in the upper part where its is nearer to the horse's body.
