Characterization and determination of the S/G ratio via Py-GC/MS of agricultural and industrial residues.
<h3>What is the abstract?</h3>
To investigate the potential lignin values, agricultural residues (apple tree pruning, olive tree pruning, and almond shell) and industrial residues (kraft black liquor) were employed as source materials for lignin extraction via various fractionation procedures (kraft, organosolv, acetosolv and acetosolv and formosolv processes). Py-GC/MS, FTIR, and GPC were used to characterise the separated lignins. The fractionation method had a significant impact on the average molecular weight (Mw) assessed by GPC. The severe circumstances of the acetosolv and acetosolv-formosolv procedures favoured repolymerization, resulting in high Mw lignins. Because of the longer retention durations, the EKL had a smaller Mw. Except for almond shell lignin, which has the highest relative abundance of G-type phenols, all lignins have higher relative abundances of S-type phenols.
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Answer:
Water in the geosphere can be discharged into surface water, becoming part of the hydrosphere once again, or it could be drawn up into the roots of a plant and become part of the biosphere. Water in the biosphere can be released into the atmosphere through transpiration in plants, or respiration in animals.
Answer:
cells,tissues,and organs
Explanation:
And by the way you did not show the picture of the female in the question
