Lactic acids fermentation happens in our muscle cells when we are exercising feverishly while alcoholic fermentation is used in yeast cells and is what leads to beer bread and wine.
Answer:
The correct answer is the formation of pyruvate from glucose willl be energetically less favorable.
Explanation:
According to the question matunt yeast has a shorter glycolytic pathay catalysing a follwing reaction
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate+H2O+NAD+ = 3-phosphoglycerate
So in the mutatant the formation of 1,3- bisphosphoglycerate is not occurring.The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is directly converted into 3-phosphoglycerate.
As a result the substrate level phosphorylation step that deals with formation of 3-phosphoglycerate from 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate is not occurring.
From this point of view it can be said that less energy will be formed in the mutant during glycolysis than that of normal one.
So the formation of pyruvate from glucose will be energetically less favorable.
Answer:
The prolonged electrical depolarization of cardiac muscle cells -that occurs during contraction- is due primarily to the persistent influx of calcium ion
Explanation:
The action potential of the heart muscle is longer with respect to skeletal muscle (around 300 milliseconds), and this is due to the activity of calcium (Ca⁺⁺ ) in the intracellular compartment.
The initial depolarization of cardiac muscle fiber depends on the entry of sodium (Na⁺) into the cell. However, for the action potential to occur and be maintained, Ca⁺⁺ must increase its cytoplasmic levels, which depends on:
- The increase in intracellular sodium induces the release of Ca⁺⁺ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- Calcium entry from the extracellular space through the voltage dependent Ca⁺⁺ channels.
- The entry of extracellular Ca⁺⁺ causes the release of more Ca⁺⁺ ions by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, further increasing its intracellular concentration.
This is how the ion that guarantees the duration of the action potential of the cardiac muscle cell is the Ca⁺⁺.
Learn more:
Calcium, sodium and cardiac muscle cells brainly.com/question/4473795
Answer:
materials move against a concentration gradient
