<span>The notion of hybrid orbitals was "invented" by Linus Pauling in 1931 to explain the observed geometry of mostly organic molecules. Today, we find that hybrid orbitals are pretty much confined to the central atoms found in the second period of the periodic table. Periods 3 and up .... not so much.
(a) H2O ..... O is the central atom, tetrahedral, sp3 hybridization
(b) PBr5 .... P is the central atom, maybe sp2 for the three equatorial bonds *
(c) COCl2.. C is the central atom, trigonal planar, sp2 hybridization </span>
Answer:
a. Smaller nuclei combine to make a larger nucleus.
Explanation:
Nuclear fusion is the process by which several atomic nuclei of similar charge bind and form a heavier nucleus.
In order for fusion to occur, an important energy barrier produced by electrostatic force must be overcome. Over long distances, two nuclei repel each other due to the electrostatic repulsion force between their protons, positively charged. However, if two nuclei can be approached sufficiently, due to the strong nuclear interaction, which is greater over short distances, electrostatic repulsion can be overcome, and fusion takes place.
Answer:
The diagram is incorrect because there is only a single type of particle at the center of the atom.
Explanation:
The small circle at the centre of the sphere which contains six light gray spheres and six dark gray spheres represents the nucleus of the atom which is found at the centre of the atom.
The nucleus contains only one type of particle which is the proton. Hence the representation of two particles at the centre of the circle makes the model incorrect.
Conductivity is a measurement of the ability of an aqueous solution to transfer an electrical current.
Explanation:
To calculate the conductivity of a solution you simply multiply the concentration of each ion in solution by its molar conductivity and charge then add these values for all ions in solution.