Answer:
innervation of the sympathetic nervous system
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that this lower urine output is primarily due to innervation of the sympathetic nervous system. This supply of nerves then increases the pressure which tightens the afferent arteriole, and is what prevents urine from passing through. Hence why the urine output is only 4 mL over the first hour on arrival.
Examples of abiotic factors are water, air, soil, sunlight, and minerals.Biotic factors are living or once-living organisms in the ecosystem.
Biotic describes a living component of an ecosystem; for example organisms, such as plants and animals.
Examples Water, light, wind, soil, humidity, minerals, gases.
<u><em>Hope this helps!</em></u>
Decomposers are very important in our ecosystem, they are responsible for breaking down decaying bodies to transform into nutrients. Without decomposers, plants will not be able to get enough nutrients that it needs to grow
Answer:
Adaptive immune defense system consists of lymphocytes like B-lymphocytes and T- lymphocytes. B-lymphocytes provides humoral immunity while T- lymphocytes provide cell-mediated immunity to the body.
99% of lymphocytes circulate freely in the blood and lymph. B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma B cells and B memory cells when interact with antigen presented by T helper cells.
Then plasma cells secrete antibodies in the circulation which binds to extracellular antigens through antigen-binding site. Then the bounded antigen is recognized by receptors present on phagocytic cells. This receptor binds the Fc region of antigen bounded antibody and destroy the antigen by phagocytosis.
