Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. (A few genes produce other molecules that help the cell assemble proteins.) The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell. It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation. Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression.
During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene's DNA is transferred to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus. Both RNA and DNA are made up of a chain of nucleotide bases, but they have slightly different chemical properties. The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
Translation, the second step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes place in the cytoplasm. The mRNA interacts with a specialized complex called a ribosome, which "reads" the sequence of mRNA bases. Each sequence of three bases, called a codon, usually codes for one particular amino acid. (Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.) A type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) assembles the protein, one amino acid at a time. Protein assembly continues until the ribosome encounters a “stop” codon (a sequence of three bases that does not code for an amino acid).
The flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins is one of the fundamental principles of molecular biology. It is so important that it is sometimes called the “central dogma.”
Through the processes of transcription and translation, information from genes is used to make proteins.
Answer:
Males and females have different sex chromosomes.
Explanation:
Sex Linked trait is controlled by the chromosomes while other traits are controlled by autosomes. The autosomal cells and traits have a constant characteristics in a human being. The chromosomal cells however vary. The male chromosome XY is different from the female chromosome XX.
This is the reason why sex-linked traits follow different patterns of inheratance than other traits as a result of the Males and females having different sex chromosomes is valid.
Abiotic factors are the non-living factors in an environment such as temperature, light, water, and nutrients.
An isotope of any element is the same, with a variation in the neutrons of the nucleus.
The mass number change but the atomic number doesn't.
In this case, protium, deuterium, and tritium are all hydrogen isotopes.
Protium is 1H or Hydrogen-1 is without neutrons.
Deuterium is 2H or Hydrogen-2 has one neutron.
Tritium is 3H or Hydrogen-3 has two neutrons.
A. Cohesion is a property of water that describes the attraction due to hydrogen bonding between water molecules.