The cell grows,then separates,then prepares for mitosis
Answer:
Nitrogen fixing bacteria is a type of beneficial bacteria (Cyanobacteria) which has the ability to fix the atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium and nitrates form. This atmospheric nitrogen cannot used by the plants so these bacteria fixes it. This is a symbiotic association between plants and bacteria in which both gets benefit. This nitrogen used by the plants and produces more vegetation cover which is a food source of herbivores such as rabbit.
- An aldehyde exists in chain form.
- A ring-shaped hemiacetal exists.
Hemiacetal:
- A reducing sugar is one that reduce other compound and oxidized itself. A sugar can be called as reducing sugar if it has an aldehyde group in the open chain form or hemiacetal group in ring form.
- The hemiacetal consists of a hydrogen bonded to a "R-group," an alcohol, an ether, and a carbon. When an aldehyde and an alcohol interact, the hemiacetal is created.
- The chemistry of carbohydrates revolves around the interactions between hemiacetals and hemiketals. Carbohydrates are made up of long chains of the sugar units known as monosaccharides, much like proteins are long chains of amino acids and DNA and RNA are long chains of nucleotides.
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Mitosis is used for almost all of your body’s cell division needs. It adds new cells during development and replaces old and worn-out cells throughout your life. The goal of mitosis is to produce daughter cells that are genetically identical to their mothers, with not a single chromosome more or less. Meiosis, on the other hand, is used for just one purpose in the human body: the production of gametes—sex cells, or sperm and eggs. Its goal is to make daughter cells with exactly half as many chromosomes as the starting cell. To put that another way, meiosis in humans is a division process that takes us from a diploid cell—one with two sets of chromosomes—to haploid cells—ones with a single set of chromosomes. In humans, the haploid cells made in meiosis are sperm and eggs. When a sperm and an egg join in fertilization, the two haploid sets of chromosomes from a complete diploid set: a new genome.In many ways, meiosis is a lot like mitosis. The cell goes through similar stages and uses similar strategies to organize and separate chromosomes. In meiosis, however, the cell has a more complex task. It still needs to separate sister chromatids (the two halves of a duplicated chromosome), as in mitosis. But it must also separate homologous chromosomes, the similar but nonidentical chromosome pairs an organism receives from its two parents. These goals are accomplished in meiosis using a two-step division process. Homolog pairs separate during the first round of cell division, called meiosis I. Sister chromatids separate during a second round, called meiosis II. Since cell division occurs twice during meiosis, one starting cell can produce four gametes (eggs or sperm). In each round of division, cells go through four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.Before entering meiosis I, a cell must first go through interphase. As in mitosis, the cell grows during G_1 1 start subscript, 1, end subscript phase, copies all of its chromosomes during S phase and prepares for the division during G_2 2 start subscript, 2, end subscript phase. During prophase, I, differences from mitosis begin to appear. As in mitosis, the chromosomes begin to condense, but in meiosis I, they also pair up. Each chromosome carefully aligns with its homolog partner so that the two match up at corresponding positions along their full length. For instance, in the image below, the letters A, B, and C represent genes found at particular spots on the chromosome, with capital and lowercase letters for different forms, or alleles, of each gene. The DNA is broken at the same spot on each homologue—here, between genes B and C—and reconnected in a criss-cross pattern so that the homologs exchange part of their DNA.This process, in which homologous chromosomes trade parts, is called crossing over. It's helped along by a protein structure called the synaptonemal complex that holds the homologues together. The chromosomes would actually be positioned one on top of the other—as in the image below—throughout crossing over; they're only shown side-by-side in the image above so that it's easier to see the exchange of genetic material.
Answer:
a homologous structure is an organ or body part that appears in different animals and is similar in structure and location, but doesn't necessarily share the same purpose.
An example of a homologous structure is the human arm as compared to the wing on a bird.
