Conversion of 1 mol of acetyl-CoA to 2 mol of Co2 and CoA via the citric acid cycle results in the net production of 12 mol of ATP.
<h3>
What is acetyl-coA?</h3>
Acetyl-CoA is produced in the mitochondrial matrix by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate from glycolysis, oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, or oxidative degradation of specific amino acids. The acetyl-CoA is then oxidized for energy production in the TCA cycle.
Mitochondrial enzymes are used in the citric acid cycle. The acetyl group of acetyl-CoA is fused with oxaloacetate in the first phase, which is mediated by citrate synthase. Citrate is formed as a result of the release of CoA-SH and heat. Dehydration and rehydration convert citrate to isocitrate.
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Background- In patients with intracranial artery stenosis, a long-term advantage of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) over single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) for the prevention of recurrent stroke has not been proven. We studied patients with intracranial arterial stenosis who were enrolled in the Cilostazol Stroke Prevention Study for Antiplatelet Combination trial, a randomized controlled trial in high-risk Japanese patients with ischemic stroke, to compare the efficacy and safety of DAPT with cilostazol and clopidogrel or aspirin to those of SAPT with clopidogrel or aspirin. Techniques and Outcomes In patients with ischemic stroke with symptomatic or asymptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis of at least 50% in a major intracranial artery, we compared the vascular and hemorrhagic events between DAPT and SAPT.
Patients were divided into two groups: 275 were given DAPT, while 272 were given SAPT. In contrast to SAPT, which had a higher risk of serious or life-threatening bleeding, DAPT had a lower risk of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 0.47; 95% CI, 0.23-0.95); and a composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular mortality (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.26-0.91). Conclusions In patients with intracranial artery stenosis following stroke, DAPT using cilostazol was superior than SAPT using clopidogrel or aspirin for the prevention of recurrent stroke and vascular events without raising bleeding risk.
<h3>What is
stroke?</h3>
When anything prevents blood flow to a portion of the brain or when a blood artery in the brain bursts, a stroke, also known as a brain attack, happens. The brain either ages or suffers harm in both scenarios. A stroke may result in permanent brain damage, chronic disability, or even fatality.
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Answer:
Salicylism is caused by an aspirin over dosage leading to salicylic acid toxicity in the body. The poisoning can be acute or chronic depending on the dosage of Aspirin. A dosage of above 100 mg/dL is considered toxic.
Explanation:
In severe conditions, it may even lead to the death of the patient. In mild conditions, it exhibits symptoms such as ringing ears, vomiting, and nausea.
The mortality of the patients may be due to swelling of vital organs like lungs, kidneys, or cardiac arrest.
There is no specific treatment for salicylism. Substances such as activated charcoal and potassium chloride are used as an antidote. In extreme conditions, hemodialysis is also done to remove the toxic substances from the blood.
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For generalized anxiety disorder (gad), the pharmacological treatment of choice has been the category of drugs known as benzodiazepines.
<h3>What is Generalized anxiety disorder?</h3>
- Any age can experience a case of generalized anxiety disorder.
- severe, persistent anxiety that makes daily activities difficult.
- The illness shares symptoms with anxiety disorders such as panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
- These signs include difficulty concentrating, restlessness, and unceasing worry.
- Counseling and drugs like antidepressants may be used in treatment.
- For instance, you can experience acute worry about your safety or the safety of those close to you, or you might sense that something negative is about to occur.
- You experience severe distress in social, professional, or other aspects of your life as a result of your anxiety, concern, or physical symptoms.
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Answer:
The a.nswer is smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation:
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for the synthesis of lipids (including phospholipids, cholesterol required for many hormones, ceramides, lipoproteins), calcium storage, and cell detoxification (in liver cells).
