Answer:
Reduced penetrance or incomplete penetrance
Explanation:
Penetrance refers to the extend which a certain gene or set of genes is expressed in a population.
It can be complete where there is expression of the gene in a population having it.
Whereas, in reduced penetrance is where the mutation is not expressed in every individual in the population having it.
For instance polydactyly exhibits reduced penetrance since the parents had the mutation it was not expressed it came to be expressed on their pedigree.
Answer: b. classify all organisms into monophyletic groups.
Explanation:
The modern taxonomy is the study of classification of organisms which classified the organisms on the basis of ancestral relationships, reproduction, morphology and behavior to identify the living organisms on earth and group them together. This is the scientific basis for classifying the species.
The classification of organisms into monophyletic groups is one of the criteria for classification in modern taxonomy. In monophyletic group or clade is a group which includes the descendants that belongs to the common ancestor. The organisms of the group share derived characteristics like morphological similarities, mode of reproduction and similarities at the genomic level.
Answer:
Through the process of evolution
Explanation: