Swift made an effort to challenge societal standards and overthrow the oppressive English government in "A Modest Proposal." Dreadful situations demand desperate measures to make one conscious. Satire is one of such techniques. There is no tolerance in satire.
The essay A Modest Proposal, which is disguised as an economic dissertation, suggests that Ireland's poverty be reduced by killing its underprivileged children and selling them to the English landowners as food.
Swift's proposal is a stinging indictment of England's illegal and economic abuse of Ireland. Its full title is A Modest Proposal for Making Children of Poor People Beneficial to the Public and Preventing Them from Being a Burden to Their Parents or the Country.
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In Rip Van Winkle, Irving shows his doubts about the "new America". After the Revolutionary war. America was trying to develop themselves. They were free to govern their selves within the process of developing themselves. However,some of them were unsure of their identities in the new country. Irving was born among this generation in the newly created United States of America. He was also unsure of his identity in America. Irving is somewhat negative about being an American. The main reason for this negativity or uncertainty is the country had no history and was new, whereas the Europeans had built themselves for thousands of years.
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