The <u>vesicles</u> pick up whole and partial neurotransmitters from the synaptic gap and bring them into the terminal button, where other structures recycle these neurotransmitters for future use.
Within the presynaptic terminals is where the synthesis of the small-molecule neurotransmitters takes place. A process known as slow axonal transport is responsible for moving enzymes from the neuronal cell body to the cytoplasm of nerve terminals at a rate of 0.5–5 millimetres each day. These enzymes are necessary for the production of transmitters and are produced in the neuronal cell body. Transporter proteins, which are typically located in the plasma membrane of the nerve terminal, are the ones responsible for bringing the precursor chemicals that these synthetic enzymes use into the terminal. Enzymes produce a neurotransmitter pool in the cytoplasm, which must then be loaded into synaptic vesicles using transport proteins in the vesicular membrane. Within the synaptic vesicles, the final synthetic steps of the production of certain small-molecule neurotransmitters are actually carried out.
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Reactions that hydrolyze the phosphodiester bonds split the DNA molecule between the phosphate groups and the hydroxyl groups of the two sugar groups.
In DNA there is a covalent bond through a phosphate group that connects the hydroxyl group (OH) at the 5' position of the pentose sugar and the hydroxyl group at the 3' position of the pentose sugar of the next nucleotide. This covalent bond is called a phosphodiester bond because chemically the phosphate group is in the diester form.
In other words, the phosphodiester bond connects the sugar in one nucleotide to the sugar in the next nucleotide, so this bond simultaneously connects the two consecutive nucleotides to form a polynucleotide chain. If there is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of covalent bonds that combine nucleotides, what happens is that the phosphodiester link between deoxyribose sugars will break.
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Ok we are relitivty close to them so they are our brothers