To calculate the electric field of a sphere we can use Gaussian law
Ф = ∫ E. dA = / ε₀
In this case we must use a Gaussian surface of spherical shape, since the radii of the sphere and the electric field line have been parallel, consequently the scalar product is reduced to an algebraic product.
The error of a sphere is
A = 4π π r²
E (4π r³) = / εo (1)
to find the charge inside the sera we use the concept of density
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- The angular resolution of a telescope means the minimum quantity that can be visualized. Since their angular separation ( 0.1 arcseconds ) is smaller than the telescope's angular resolution (1 arcseconds ), your photograph will seem to show only one star rather than two.