Answer:
Fermentation is the process in which a carbohydrate source is converted in the absence of oxygen
High quantities of nutrients in water from industrial crop fertilizers and animal waste cause excessive aquatic plant growth — a process known as “eutrophication,” which, in turn, causes “hypoxia,” or water that is low in oxygen. Harmful algal blooms (or HABs) occur when aquatic algae grow rapidly out of control.
Survival of the fittest is talking about when you have traits that will help you, you are more likely to live rather than not having those traits. For example, a bird that swims a lot has webbed feet so it has a better chance of surviving then a bird who does not have webbed feet
I would say disruptive selection, because the sudden eruption of the volcano disrupted the circumstances of the lizards, allowing the black ones to survive better because of camouflage against the black rock.
Hope this helps!