Answer:
3. Antibody-independent pathways of complement activation rely on complement components that directly bind to microbial surfaces.
Explanation:
There are three pathways of complement activation:
- The classical pathway.
- The alternative pathway.
- The lectin pathway.
The classical pathway is triggered by binding of C1 either to the pathogen surface or to antibody bound to the pathogen.
The alternative pathway is triggered by the spontaneous hydrolysis of soluble C3 to C3(H₂O) and initiates eventual deposition of C3 convertase on microbial surfaces.
The lectin pathway is triggered by the binding of mannose-binding lectin or ficolins to carbohydrate residues in microbial cell walls and capsules.
If I eat candy then I will gain weight
If I shave my beard then it will grow back darker
With this you should be able to solve the rest :)
Answer:
D) The fungicide will reduce the stability of the ecosystem because nutrients in the soil will be less likely to be recycled, directly impacting plant nutrition and growth.
Explanation:
Fungicide are primarily applied to an area to kill off fungi species in that place.
Fungi are very important groups of organisms. They are natural "recyclers".
In a food chain or web they can be classified as decomposers.
Decomposers are organisms that takes feeds on dead and decaying organic matter.
The produce useful materials and releases nutrients from life back into nature.
Killing them off by applying fungicides is a damaging act to their sustenance.
Without decomposers such as fungi, the ecosystem becomes less stable and soil nutrients will not be properly recycled.
Answer: they are specific in action
Explanation: The similarity between cell receptors and antibodies is that both are specific in action. They bind to their specific targets.
These targets can be determined by the shape of the receptor or the antibody. shape of a protein has a profound effect on its functions
Very true.
It harms our atmosphere, thus effecting climate. Which can kill and sometimes nearly cause organisms to go extinct. It corrupts our air, which is very unhealthy, and can cause lung cancer, and harm our breathing patterns. Which can shorten life expectancy.
Stay clean, and I hope this helps! :) <span />
