A spontaneous reaction is a term that is best describe to a type of reaction wherein it is started without even with the help of an outside force. In addition to that, this kind of reaction is commonly driven by the forces of enthalpy and entropy which are essential concepts to thermodynamics.
Move from higher to lower energy levels
R = 0.407Ω.
The resistance R of a particular conductor is related to the resistivity ρ of the material by the equation R = ρL/A, where ρ is the material resistivity, L is the length of the material and A is the cross-sectional area of the material.
To calculate the resistance R of a wire made of a material with resistivity of 3.2x10⁻⁸Ω.m, the length of the wire is 2.5m and its diameter is 0.50mm.
We have to use the equation R = ρL/A but first we have to calculate the cross-sectional area of the wire which is a circle. So, the area of a circle is given by A = πr², with r = d/2. The cross-sectional area of the wire is A = πd²/4. Then:
R =[(3.2x10⁻⁸Ω.m)(2.5m)]/[π(0.5x10⁻³m)²/4]
R = 8x10⁻⁸Ω.m²/1.96x10⁻⁷m²
R = 0.407Ω
Distance and force.
You need to know how much force was needed and how far it went to calculate how much work was done. The answer is C.
