The answer is d) organic chemistry
The answer would be e. it would have released water in a volcanic outgassing. The planets were hot to have gas from the solar nebula. Earth,Mars as well as Venus then created their atmosphere through volcanic eruption and retain gases from comet and icy planetesimals vaporizing.
A frog is an amphibian so it survive both on land and water
Hope this helps:)
Answer:
if im not mistaken the answer should be the first one